Insights Into Protein Engineering: Methods and Applications
What Is Protein Engineering? Protein engineering is a powerful biotechnological process that focuses on creating new enzymes or proteins and improving the functions of existing ones by manipulating their natural macromolecular architecture.1 Each protein contains a unique genetically encoded sequence of amino acids. Protein synthesis occurs through translation and is based on mRNA codons.2 Scientists use recombinant DNA technology to modify codons and develop diverse proteins with potentially enriched activities.3 Genetic engineering technologies that enable cloning of any gene found in nature and DNA chemical synthesis have immensely contributed to the protein engineering field. In addition, technological advancements such as x-ray crystallography and computer modeling help researchers design amino acid sequences that fold into precise 3D structures, synthesizing proteins with specific properties.4 Protein Engineering Methods Protein engineering encompasses multiple strategies in...