‘In awe’: scientists impressed by latest ChatGPT model o1

The chatbot excels at science, beating PhD scholars on a hard science test. But it might ‘hallucinate’ more than its predecessors.

Researchers who helped to test OpenAI’s new large language model, OpenAI o1, say it represents a big step up in terms of chatbots’ usefulness to science.
“In my field of quantum physics, it gives significantly more detailed and coherent responses” than did the company’s last model, GPT-4o, says Mario Krenn, leader of the Artificial Scientist Lab at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen, Germany. Krenn was one of a handful of scientists on the ‘red team’ that tested the preview version of o1 for OpenAI, a technology firm based in San Francisco, California, by putting the bot through its paces and checking for safety concerns.


Since the public launch of ChatGPT in 2022, the large language models that drive such chatbots have, on average, become bigger and better, with more parameters, or decision-making nodes; bigger training data sets; and stronger abilities across a variety of standardized tests, or benchmarks.

OpenAI says that its o1 series marks a step change in the company’s approach. The distinguishing feature of this artificial intelligence (AI) model, observers say, is that it has spent more time in certain stages of learning, and ‘thinks’ about its answers for longer, making it slower, but more capable — especially in areas in which right and wrong answers can be clearly defined. The firm adds that o1 “can reason through complex tasks and solve harder problems than previous models in science, coding, and math”. For now, o1-preview and o1-mini — a smaller, more cost-effective version suited to coding — are available to paying customers and certain developers on a trial basis. The company hasn’t released details about how many parameters or how much computing power lie behind the o1 models.
Besting the PhDs



Andrew White, a chemist at FutureHouse, a non-profit organization in San Francisco that focuses on how AI can be applied to molecular biology, says that observers have been surprised and disappointed by a general lack of improvement in chatbots’ ability to support scientific tasks over the past year and a half, since the public release of GPT-4. The o1 series, he says, has changed that.


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