Global Challenges, Global Solutions: How Science Diplomacy Could Reshape Research Publishing Reform

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Global challenges call for global solutions—imagine the chaos if there was no international cooperation on climate change or trade. Yet, despite the fact that every nation funds, conducts, and benefits from research together worth $1 trillion, our research publishing system remains deeply flawed, with scant global collaboration to fix it. In our digitally interconnected world, where AI is rapidly advancing, sharing research should be easier than ever, supercharging progress and global prosperity. However, this potential is stifled by a publishing industry dominated by corporate interests that restricts access for millions of researchers who can't afford to pay. Although some strides have been made in reforming publishing payment models and engaging with individuals and institutions to improve Open Access, high-level diplomatic and political cooperation has been largely ignored. This needs to change. But how?

Building on our previous CGD policy paper on research publishing reform and the G20, this blog introduces a new vision for research reform and a novel theory of change based on science diplomacy to achieve it. This is further expanded upon in our CGD policy paper, How Science Diplomacy Can Reshape Global Research Publishing: A Theory of Change.
A united vision for research publishing reform

Effective research publishing reform requires a clear vision that stakeholders can unite behind. However, many existing visions for publishing reform are confusing, especially for policymakers and civil society actors who are unfamiliar with the academic jargon. We present a clear and consolidated vision, focusing on three core publishing system characteristics: accessibility, quality, and usability and three core domains of change: financing, infrastructure, and governance models.

We envision a research publishing system which is more effective at spreading knowledge and more inclusive. Research should be free to read, easy and affordable to publish, available quickly, stored safely, and accessible in many languages. Research should balance quick sharing with scientific good practice. Quality should be judged based on open, transparent peer review, not on journal prestige or impact factors. Finally, research should be easy to use, adapt, and share through open licensing requirements and more flexible formats beyond PDFs that are more fitting for the online and generative AI era.

To achieve this, financing, infrastructure, and governance models must be reformed. The research publishing system is currently fee-based and flagrantly profit-driven, creating significant barriers for researchers and readers. We need a model that fosters immediate access, affordability and long-term sustainability, based on fair profit and the public good, with costs covered mostly by funders and research institutions, not individuals.
How science diplomacy can help us achieve our vision

Research publishing is a global system and proper reform will require sustained, high-level global leadership and cooperation. This will be no easy feat. We will need leadership to mobilise for action and diplomacy to negotiate trade-offs and competing incentives. We’ve created a theory of change to outline how science diplomacy can be harnessed in service of research publishing reform (Figure 1). The framework highlights how stakeholders can support and influence policy makers and science diplomats and tracks the process of change through from agenda setting to impact.

Website: International Research Scientist Awards


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