Friday, January 10, 2025

Data Science for Healthcare Courses to Drive Innovation






According to the NASSCOM Community, the healthcare sector alone accounts for 30% of the world's data. Data science for healthcare is considered a transformative space that refers to applying data analysis techniques and tools to improve healthcare and medical decision-making. This discipline uses algorithms, statistical models, and visualization tools to analyze large amounts of patient data and extract relevant information that can help diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases.


With a holistic approach, data science enables the extraction of actionable insights from the available data, promotes better decision-making and improves patient outcomes. By combining technical knowledge with domain-specific insights, learners can drive advancements that shape the future of healthcare. We have listed handpicked data science for healthcare courses targeting healthcare professionals to help them gain the right skills and enable them to innovate.
Top Data Science for Healthcare Courses Introduction to Clinical Data Science by Coursera
AI for Medical Diagnosis by Coursera
Data Analytics: Intro to SQL using Healthcare Data by Udemy
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care by MIT University
Case Studies in Functional Genomics by Harvard University


Data Science Online Courses & Certifications

1. Introduction to Clinical Data Science by Coursera

The Introduction to Clinical Data Science course by the University of Colorado Boulder on Coursera is ideal for learners who want to explore how clinical data is created and used to improve healthcare. It introduces the basics of working with clinical data, including understanding how and why it is generated and the ethical considerations involved. You will learn foundational SQL and R programming skills to manipulate and analyze data, even if you are new to programming. The course offers hands-on experience with an actual clinical dataset and uses a free online computational environment hosted on Google Cloud. By the end of the course, you will learn how to use data science and analytics tools to draw meaningful insights from the available data.

2. AI for Medical Diagnosis by Coursera


AI for Medical Diagnosis course by Deeplearning.AI is designed for those learners who want to apply artificial intelligence to solve real-world challenges in the healthcare sector. You will learn advanced AI techniques focusing on medical applications: diagnosing lung and brain disorders, predicting risks of heart diseases, and interpreting radiology reports with NLP. The course includes three modules in which you will learn to build and implement convolutional neural networks, statistical risk models, and treatment effect predictors. While prior medical knowledge is not required, a basic understanding of AI algorithms, deep neural networks, and Python programming is essential. This course is ideal for those eager to explore how AI can revolutionize healthcare and contribute to better diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning in modern medicine.

3. Data Analytics: Intro to SQL using Healthcare Data by Udemy

Data Analytics: Intro to SQL using Healthcare Data on Udemy offers an introduction to SQL. Using healthcare data as a foundation, learners will explore essential SQL concepts such as writing queries, creating databases, analyzing large datasets, and working with multiple tables through SQL joins. The course also includes hands-on projects, such as preparing data for visualization tools like Power BI and Tableau and designing entity relationship diagrams.


Though the course content revolves around healthcare data, but the skills gained from the course are transferrable. They can be used in other applications and database systems like MySQL and Oracle, making the course useful for anyone interested in handling and analyzing complex data.

4. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care by MIT University

The Artificial Intelligence in Health Care course by MIT University provides a comprehensive understanding of how AI is transforming the healthcare industry. Designed for healthcare leaders and professionals, the course explores key AI technologies such as natural language processing, machine learning, and data analytics, along with their applications in disease diagnosis, patient monitoring, and hospital management.


Learners will analyze the opportunities and limitations of AI in health care through real-world case studies and expert guidance, gaining insights into how AI strategies have been successfully implemented. Participants will develop a practical framework to evaluate and adopt AI solutions over six weeks, focusing on improving processes, resource management, and patient outcomes. The course is suitable for those willing to take up the role of developing AI in health care.

5. Case Studies in Functional Genomics by Harvard University

Harvard University's Case Studies in Functional Genomics course provides a step-by-step guide to analyzing genomic data. The course incorporates topics like RNA-seq data analysis and covers key processes such as quality control, alignment, gene-level read counting, and differential expression analysis. It progresses to more advanced topics, including transcript-level analysis and exploring differential exon usage. Furthermore, the course introduces DNA methylation analysis, from raw data processing to identifying regions of differential methylation, and concludes with ChIP-seq analysis, covering alignment, peak calling, and differential binding patterns.

The course is divided into seven parts, and those with backgrounds in statistics or biology can plan their learning by skipping introductory content in their respective fields. It gradually becomes more complex, introducing advanced statistical methods like hierarchical models and software engineering concepts such as parallel computing and reproducible research.


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Thursday, January 9, 2025

MIT scientists pin down the origins of a fast radio burst








Fast radio bursts are brief and brilliant explosions of radio waves emitted by extremely compact objects such as neutron stars and possibly black holes. These fleeting fireworks last for just a thousandth of a second and can carry an enormous amount of energy — enough to briefly outshine entire galaxies.

Since the first fast radio burst (FRB) was discovered in 2007, astronomers have detected thousands of FRBs, whose locations range from within our own galaxy to as far as 8 billion light-years away. Exactly how these cosmic radio flares are launched is a highly contested unknown.

Now, astronomers at MIT have pinned down the origins of at least one fast radio burst using a novel technique that could do the same for other FRBs. In their new study, appearing today in the journal Nature, the team focused on FRB 20221022A — a previously discovered fast radio burst that was detected from a galaxy about 200 million light-years away.

The team zeroed in further to determine the precise location of the radio signal by analyzing its “scintillation,” similar to how stars twinkle in the night sky. The scientists studied changes in the FRB’s brightness and determined that the burst must have originated from the immediate vicinity of its source, rather than much further out, as some models have predicted.

The team estimates that FRB 20221022A exploded from a region that is extremely close to a rotating neutron star, 10,000 kilometers away at most. That’s less than the distance between New York and Singapore. At such close range, the burst likely emerged from the neutron star’s magnetosphere — a highly magnetic region immediately surrounding the ultracompact star.

The team’s findings provide the first conclusive evidence that a fast radio burst can originate from the magnetosphere, the highly magnetic environment immediately surrounding an extremely compact object.

“In these environments of neutron stars, the magnetic fields are really at the limits of what the universe can produce,” says lead author Kenzie Nimmo, a postdoc in MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. “There’s been a lot of debate about whether this bright radio emission could even escape from that extreme plasma.”

“Around these highly magnetic neutron stars, also known as magnetars, atoms can’t exist — they would just get torn apart by the magnetic fields,” says Kiyoshi Masui, associate professor of physics at MIT. “The exciting thing here is, we find that the energy stored in those magnetic fields, close to the source, is twisting and reconfiguring such that it can be released as radio waves that we can see halfway across the universe.”

The study’s MIT co-authors include Adam Lanman, Shion Andrew, Daniele Michilli, and Kaitlyn Shin, along with collaborators from multiple institutions.

Burst size

Detections of fast radio bursts have ramped up in recent years, due to the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). The radio telescope array comprises four large, stationary receivers, each shaped like a half-pipe, that are tuned to detect radio emissions within a range that is highly sensitive to fast radio bursts.

Since 2020, CHIME has detected thousands of FRBs from all over the universe. While scientists generally agree that the bursts arise from extremely compact objects, the exact physics driving the FRBs is unclear. Some models predict that fast radio bursts should come from the turbulent magnetosphere immediately surrounding a compact object, while others predict that the bursts should originate much further out, as part of a shockwave that propagates away from the central object.

To distinguish between the two scenarios, and determine where fast radio bursts arise, the team considered scintillation — the effect that occurs when light from a small bright source such as a star, filters through some medium, such as a galaxy’s gas. As the starlight filters through the gas, it bends in ways that make it appear, to a distant observer, as if the star is twinkling. The smaller or the farther away an object is, the more it twinkles. The light from larger or closer objects, such as planets in our own solar system, experience less bending, and therefore do not appear to twinkle.

The team reasoned that if they could estimate the degree to which an FRB scintillates, they might determine the relative size of the region from where the FRB originated. The smaller the region, the closer in the burst would be to its source, and the more likely it is to have come from a magnetically turbulent environment. The larger the region, the farther the burst would be, giving support to the idea that FRBs stem from far-out shockwaves.

Twinkle pattern

To test their idea, the researchers looked to FRB 20221022A, a fast radio burst that was detected by CHIME in 2022. The signal lasts about two milliseconds, and is a relatively run-of-the-mill FRB, in terms of its brightness. However, the team’s collaborators at McGill University found that FRB 20221022A exhibited one standout property: The light from the burst was highly polarized, with the angle of polarization tracing a smooth S-shaped curve. This pattern is interpreted as evidence that the FRB emission site is rotating — a characteristic previously observed in pulsars, which are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars.

To see a similar polarization in fast radio bursts was a first, suggesting that the signal may have arisen from the close-in vicinity of a neutron star. The McGill team’s results are reported in a companion paper today in Nature.

The MIT team realized that if FRB 20221022A originated from close to a neutron star, they should be able to prove this, using scintillation.

In their new study, Nimmo and her colleagues analyzed data from CHIME and observed steep variations in brightness that signaled scintillation — in other words, the FRB was twinkling. They confirmed that there is gas somewhere between the telescope and FRB that is bending and filtering the radio waves. The team then determined where this gas could be located, confirming that gas within the FRB’s host galaxy was responsible for some of the scintillation observed. This gas acted as a natural lens, allowing the researchers to zoom in on the FRB site and determine that the burst originated from an extremely small region, estimated to be about 10,000 kilometers wide.

“This means that the FRB is probably within hundreds of thousands of kilometers from the source,” Nimmo says. “That’s very close. For comparison, we would expect the signal would be more than tens of millions of kilometers away if it originated from a shockwave, and we would see no scintillation at all.”

“Zooming in to a 10,000-kilometer region, from a distance of 200 million light years, is like being able to measure the width of a DNA helix, which is about 2 nanometers wide, on the surface of the moon,” Masui says. “There’s an amazing range of scales involved.”

The team’s results, combined with the findings from the McGill team, rule out the possibility that FRB 20221022A emerged from the outskirts of a compact object. Instead, the studies prove for the first time that fast radio bursts can originate from very close to a neutron star, in highly chaotic magnetic environments.

“These bursts are always happening, and CHIME detects several a day,” Masui says. “There may be a lot of diversity in how and where they occur, and this scintillation technique will be really useful in helping to disentangle the various physics that drive these bursts.”

“The pattern traced by the polarization angle was so strikingly similar to that seen from pulsars in our own Milky Way Galaxy that there was some initial concern that the source wasn't actually an FRB but a misclassified pulsar,” says Ryan Mckinven, a co-author of the study from McGill University. “Fortunately, these concerns were put to rest with the help of data collected from an optical telescope that confirmed the FRB originated in a galaxy millions of light-years away.”

“Polarimetry is one of the few tools we have to probe these distant sources,” Mckinven explains. “This result will likely inspire follow-up studies of similar behavior in other FRBs and prompt theoretical efforts to reconcile the differences in their polarized signals.”

This research was supported by various institutions including the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Toronto, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Trottier Space Institute at McGill University, and the University of British Columbia.

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Wednesday, January 8, 2025

Top 5 High-Paying Remote AI Jobs In 2024, From Research








Are you worried about the likelihood of AI taking away your job, or completely obliterating your department's function?


Perhaps it would be better to ask yourself, Will AI take jobs away altogether?

You needn't worry. Despite artificial intelligence shifting up to 85 million jobs, this market disruptor is set to create another 97 million new jobs, which are projected to emerge between by 2025 according to research by the World Economic Forum.


The same research pointed out that although jobs titles such as data entry clerks, administrative and secretarial workers, assembly and factory staff, and customer service workers are on the decline, roles that are heavily concentrated on adaptation to the digital world—such as digital marketing, software development, and data science—are taking their place and spiking in demand.

The Forum listed these 10 roles as surging in growth:

Data analysts and scientists
AI and machine learning specialists
Big data specialists
Digital marketing and strategy specialists
Process automation specialists
Business development professionals
Digital transformation specialists
Information security analysts
Software and app developers
Internet of things (IoT) specialists



Similarly, FlexJobs recently identified the top five in-demand AI jobs, listing careers that, until recently, were practically unheard of or were not as popular as they are now. Some of the roles in their top five list, such as data scientists, were also featured in the World Economic Forum's report.

Each of these jobs pay a minimum of $100,000 a year, and the good news for remote-savvy workers is that they can also be performed from home and are popular as remote jobs. In fact, employers on FlexJobs' database have been hiring in increased numbers for flexible opportunities within these five AI job functions (salaries are from Salary.com):
1. Remote AI Research Scientist

AI research scientists enable the development of cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning inventions, models, and prototypes.

According to FlexJobs, the key skills and experience needed for this role include:

Applied mathematics
Machine learning
Deep learning
Computational statistics
Computer perception
Natural language processing (NLP)



Average salary range: $160,029 to $195,130
2. Remote Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engineer

As an AI engineer, you would be developing and training the complex algorithms that make up AI applications that businesses and individuals use to enhance efficiency.

The key skills and experience highlighted as necessary for this role, by the FlexJobs team, include:

Software development
Data science
Programming
Machine learning



Average salary range: $102,311 to $137,828
3. Remote Machine Learning (ML) Engineer

Machine learning engineers spend their time programming and developing ML models and working with large data sets, to solve business challenges.

The recommended skills to be a machine learning engineer are:

Programming experience with Python, Java, and SQL
Machine learning
Deep learning
Statistics
Mathematics



Average salary range: $96,820 to $115,581
4. Remote Natural Language Processing (NLP) Scientist

An NLP scientist's role is focused on enabling apps and devices to have the ability to read, understand, and interpret human language.

Some core skills and experience needed for this role would involve:

Computational linguistics
Semantic extraction
Data modeling
Programming languages



Average salary range: $113,519 to $144,263
5. Remote Data Scientist

Data scientists are needed in organizations to ensure that data is analyzed and modelled to build future AI models and applications.

Some of the key skills and experience needed to be a data scientist include:

Data analysis
Programming
Statistical tools

Average salary range: $108,942 to $133,690


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Tuesday, January 7, 2025

Choose the Right Open Peer Review ! Quick guide. #sciencefather #resear...

Scientific Consensus





Temperature data showing rapid warming in the past few decades, the latest data going up through 2023. According to NASA, Earth’s average surface temperature in 2023 was the warmest on record since recordkeeping began in 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. On top of that, the 10 most recent years have been the hottest.

NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies

It’s important to remember that scientists always focus on the evidence, not on opinions. Scientific evidence continues to show that human activities (primarily the human burning of fossil fuels) have warmed Earth’s surface and its ocean basins, which in turn have continued to impact Earth’s climate. This is based on over a century of scientific evidence forming the structural backbone of today's civilization.

NASA Global Climate Change presents the state of scientific knowledge about climate change while highlighting the role NASA plays in better understanding our home planet. This effort includes citing multiple peer-reviewed studies from research groups across the world, illustrating the accuracy and consensus of research results (in this case, the scientific consensus on climate change) consistent with NASA’s scientific research portfolio.

With that said, multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position. The following is a partial list of these organizations, along with links to their published statements and a selection of related resources.

American Scientific Societies

Statement on Climate Change from 18 Scientific Associations
"Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver." (2009)

American Association for the Advancement of Science


"Based on well-established evidence, about 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human-caused climate change is happening." (2014)

American Chemical Society

"The Earth’s climate is changing in response to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate matter in the atmosphere, largely as the result of human activities." (2016-2019)

American Geophysical Union

"Based on extensive scientific evidence, it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. There is no alterative explanation supported by convincing evidence." (2019)
American Medical Association

"Our AMA ... supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant." (2019)

American Meteorological Society

"Research has found a human influence on the climate of the past several decades ... The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century." (2019)

American Physical Society

"Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe. While natural sources of climate variability are significant, multiple lines of evidence indicate that human influences have had an increasingly dominant effect on global climate warming observed since the mid-twentieth century." (2015)

The Geological Society of America

"The Geological Society of America (GSA) concurs with assessments by the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2011), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013) and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (Melillo et al., 2014) that global climate has warmed in response to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases ... Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013)." (2015)


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Monday, January 6, 2025

How to Become an AI Scientist? Description, Skills, and Salary







The growth of artificial intelligence has been a slow but steady trend in the past decade, as we've seen it show up in everything from home assistants to self-driving cars.

It's easy to know why it has become so prevalent: AI is a potent tool. It can perform tasks that would otherwise be too complicated for humans, like analyzing large amounts of data or making decisions based on patterns and trends. By using AI, we can expect to see an increase in productivity and efficiency across all industries.
What is an AI Scientist?

An AI Scientist is someone who designs and creates artificial intelligence. They work in computer science and often specialize in machine learning or computer vision. The work of an AI scientist requires them to be well-versed in math, statistics, and programming.

The field of artificial intelligence has grown tremendously over the last decade due to advancements in technology. As such, AI scientists have many different career paths that they could follow depending on what they want to do with their education and training.
AI Scientist vs AI Engineer vs ML Engineer

While each of these roles is important to the growth of AI, they all play slightly different roles in the process.AI scientists are experts in building algorithms. They're responsible for creating new algorithms that can solve problems in new ways or improve existing ones. They usually work with data scientists and computer programmers to develop accurate and reliable models.
AI engineers are responsible for building the tools that AI scientists use. Their job is to ensure that the tools provided by other teams are working correctly and efficiently so that others can use them without any issues or bugs slowing them down. However, they also need to be able to troubleshoot any problems with these tools so that they don't affect their ability to complete their tasks effectively (or at all).
ML Engineers build models that learn from data sets and predict future events based on historical data. They focus on ensuring machine learning systems function correctly before releasing them into production environments.

The main difference between these three positions is their primary focus: an AI scientist focuses on research, an AI engineer focuses on application development, and an ML engineer focuses on product development.
AI Scientist Job Role

The AI scientist is a new breed of computer scientist who works to improve the way computers think and learn. The job requires someone who can think about problems in new ways and communicate their ideas to others.

AI scientists are responsible for designing, implementing, and evaluating artificial intelligence systems that meet business needs. They work on projects such as:Understanding how people think and learn
Solving problems that require human-like reasoning
Developing intelligent agents that interact with humans in online environments
AI Scientist Roles and Responsibilities

AI scientists can apply the latest machine-learning techniques to solve problems in various fields. They are responsible for creating algorithms that analyze data and uncover hidden patterns.

They ensure that these algorithms are reliable and accurate and can be used in production environments.

The AI scientist typically works in a software development environment, using tools such as Python or R Scripting languages to create their algorithms.

They also use tools such as TensorFlow to train their models, which can be pretty complex. The AI scientist will also have to work closely with the data science team, who gathers the data and input it into the model.
AI Scientist Skills

The skills you need to be an AI scientist include thinking creatively, focusing on a problem that might not have an immediate solution, and having the patience to build something that will benefit people in the long run. You also need strong communication skills because you'll often explain your work to other scientists, managers, or clients.

You also need the following skills:Experience with machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks
Experience with data science techniques such as feature engineering, model selection, model validation, and hyperparameter tuning
Experience in building large-scale distributed systems for training models (e.g., distributed TensorFlow)
Familiarity with at least some programming language (Python or R) and one high-level language (e.g., Scala, Java)
Experience in analyzing data from multiple sources (e.g., web logs, click streams, survey responses)

AI Scientist Salary
Salary in the US

Artificial Intelligence Scientists are in high demand in the United States. The total pay for the average Artificial Intelligence Scientist is $138,854 per year, with an average salary of $112,554 per year.
Salary in India

If you're looking to make a career change, becoming an AI scientist might be a good option.

According to data from Glassdoor, the national average salary for an AI Scientist in India is ₹21,68,063.
AI Scientist Job Outlook

The AI scientist job outlook is looking good.

The world will need AI scientists to develop and implement new ways to use AI and machine learning. They will also need to design algorithms, create models, and build systems that use artificial intelligence. These are some of the things that AI scientists do.

AI scientists have many opportunities in many fields, including healthcare, finance, marketing and sales, retail, automotive and manufacturing, insurance, engineering and construction, entertainment (games), banking and financial services industry (BFSI), government agencies/military, etc.

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Friday, January 3, 2025

Top 8 Technology Trends & Innovations driving Scientific Research in 2023







Advances in science and technology and their adoption in the real world are channelized by scientific research and interpretation. Research methods and workplaces are also evolving with the raising need for novel tools and technologies. Startups and emerging scaleups from academia are working to develop these research requirements. This report provides an overview of scientific research technology trends ranging from open science and artificial intelligence (AI) to immersive technologies and advanced computing. They accelerate the research timeline and novel therapeutics discovery, as well as create sustainable, environment-friendly development. Read more to explore how they impact your business.

Innovation Map outlines the Top 8 Scientific Research Technology Trends & 16 Promising Startups

For this in-depth research on the Top Scientific Research Trends & Startups, we analyzed a sample of 590 global startups and scaleups. The result of this research is data-driven innovation intelligence that improves strategic decision-making by giving you an overview of emerging technologies & startups in the scientific research industry. These insights are derived by working with our Big Data & Artificial Intelligence-powered StartUs Insights Discovery Platform, covering 2 500 000+ startups & scaleups globally. As the world’s largest resource for data on emerging companies, the SaaS platform enables you to identify relevant startups, emerging technologies & future industry trends quickly & exhaustively.

In the Innovation Map below, you get an overview of the Top 8 Scientific Research Technology Trends & Innovations that impact 590 companies worldwide. Moreover, the Scientific Research Innovation Map reveals 16 hand-picked startups, all working on emerging technologies that advance their field.
Top 8 Scientific Research Trends

Open Science
Artificial Intelligence
Advanced Computing
Materials for Research
Sustainability
Immersive Technologies
Smart Devices
Data Processing & Visualization

Tree Map reveals the Impact of the Top 8 Scientific Research Trends

Based on the Scientific Research Innovation Map, the Tree Map below illustrates the impact of the Top 8 Scientific Research Trends in 2023. Open science and related research practices, including open source, open access, and open drafting, are the most impactful scientific research technology trends. AI plays a critical role in the research lifecycle of the hypothesis till interpretation. Further, advanced computing allows scientists to compile, collate, and analyze massive volumes of raw data. Other trends in scientific research include advanced materials for research, improving sustainability in research, and immersive technologies. Lastly, smart tools and devices, along with data processing and visualization, aid research investigations and hypothesis validation.
Global Startup Heat Map covers 590 Scientific Research Startups & Scaleups

The Global Startup Heat Map below highlights the global distribution of the 590 exemplary startups & scaleups that we analyzed for this research. Created through the StartUs Insights Discovery Platform, the Heat Map reveals that UK and US see the most startup activity.

Below, you get to meet 16 out of these 590 promising startups & scaleups as well as the solutions they develop. These 16 startups are hand-picked based on criteria such as founding year, location, funding raised, and more. Depending on your specific needs, your top picks might look entirely different.

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Thursday, January 2, 2025

Seven Research Topics on the emerging technologies disrupting the world of science








The link between science, innovation, and technology is crucial: rapid technological advances create new opportunities for scientific progress in healthcare, communication, energy production, and more, essential for society's progress.

In an impactful partnership, Frontiers joined the World Economic Forum to identify the top 10 emerging technologies in 2024. The result is a report that highlights tech advancements with the potential to revolutionize how we connect, tackle climate change, and propel scientific discovery forward.

Frederick Fenter, Frontiers' Chief Executive Editor, emphasizes how the report draws on the expertise of a global network of field editors to offer deep insights into breakthrough technology and its transformative potential for improving societies, economies, and individual lives.

Inspired by this collaboration, we’ve curated seven Research Topics harnessing the power of transformative technologies. From AI-powered plant disease detection to the future of digital health and big data in medicine, these research communities are tackling critical worldwide challenges across diverse fields.

This Research Topic explores how big data, machine, and deep learning algorithms are being applied to precision agriculture and plant health. It also investigates how these tools can be used and improved in the future to aid food security, mainly involving the integration of state-of-the-art technologies.

This topic brings together researchers from diverse fields and specializations, such as plant bioinformatics, computer engineering, computer science, agricultural engineering, environmental engineering, food engineering, information technology, and mathematics.

Researchers present new bioinformatics tools and computational approaches to the analysis of omics data, or the application of existing tools, toward a more complete interpretation of biological phenomena, with applications in personalized medicine and biotechnology.

The omics sciences have revolutionized research in areas such as biology, biotechnology, medicine, and agri-food sciences. At the same time, the production of large-scale data has led to strong demand for appropriate computational tools for their management, analysis, and interpretation. All these factors make this Research Topic highly relevant for omics and multi-omics studies.

This Research Topic studies field-based crop phenotyping through different remote sensing platforms and sensors coupled with diversified algorithms. The topic investigates achievements for determining multi-sensor integration methods, image processing ways, and retrieval modeling algorithms to improve the accuracy and robustness of crop phenotype assessment, which can be used for accelerating crop research, breeding efficiency, and precise agricultural management.

The development of crop science requires more rapid and accurate access to field-based crop phenotypes. Remote sensing provides a novel solution to quantify crop structural and functional traits in a timely, rapid, non-invasive, and efficient manner.

This Research Topic highlights significant advancements in AI applications for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular healthcare. It also showcases how AI technology can enhance diagnosis, treatment, risk prediction, and rehabilitation for these diseases through extensive data analysis.

Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases remain major global health challenges, significantly contributing to disabilities and mortality. Advances in machine learning, deep learning, computational power, and algorithms have made swift dataset analysis possible. Consequently, AI integration into healthcare is gaining significant attention, with physicians increasingly relying on AI tools for improved diagnosis, intervention guidance, and therapy monitoring.

A Research Topic demonstrating the use of cutting-edge plant genomics and gene editing technologies to tackle a specific problem, such as improving a trait. Advances in plant genomics and gene editing technologies have revolutionized breeding programs globally and are taking agriculture to new heights.

Feeding the burgeoning population and ensuring global food security in a changing climate scenario have prompted scientists to explore adoption of the latest tools and technologies (genomics and gene editing) to increase food production.

This Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of the current trends, scientific potential, regulatory and professional challenges, and ethical and social implications of digital health and big data in medicine, including prevention, clinical care, research, management, regulation, and health policy perspectives.

It gathers multi- and transdisciplinary contributions, particularly from the family medicine, primary health care, and regulatory science communities, including physicians, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, and health policy professionals.

This Research Topic explores advanced AI methods for plant disease and pest recognition for real-world applications. Plant diseases and pests cause significant losses to farmers and threaten food security worldwide.



Monitoring the growing conditions of crops and detecting plant diseases is critical for sustainable agriculture. However, this activity is prone to errors, leading to possible incorrect decisions. In this context, deep learning has played a key role in solving complicated applications with increasing accuracy over time. Recent interest in this type of technology has encouraged its potential application to address complex problems in agriculture, such as plant disease and pest recognition.


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Tuesday, December 31, 2024

Public Trust in Scientists and Views on Their Role in Policymaking





You can find trending topics by browsing social media platforms, industry websites, and forums like Reddit and Quora.

A majority of Americans say they have confidence in scientists to act in the public’s best interests. Confidence ratings have moved slightly higher in the last year, marking a shift away from the decline in trust seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A new Pew Research Center survey of 9,593 U.S. adults conducted Oct. 21-27, 2024, takes a close look at the public image of scientists, who serve as one potential source of information for Americans navigating complex policy debates and everyday decisions around things like their personal health and wellness.

Key findings
76% of Americans express a great deal or fair amount of confidence in scientists to act in the public’s best interests.

This is up slightly from 73% in October 2023 and represents a halt to the decline seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientists continue to enjoy strong relative standing compared with the ratings Americans give to many other prominent groups, including elected officials, journalists and business leaders.
Majorities view research scientists as intelligent (89%) and focused on solving real-world problems (65%).

In addition, about two-thirds (65%) view research scientists as honest and 71% view them as skilled at working in teams.Communication is seen as an area of relative weakness for scientists.

Overall, 45% of U.S. adults describe research scientists as good communicators. A slightly larger share (52%) say this phrase does not describe research scientists well.

Another critique many Americans hold is the sense that research scientists feel superior to others; 47% say this phrase describes them well.
Americans are split over scientists’ role in policymaking.

Overall, 51% say scientists should take an active role in public policy debates about scientific issues. By contrast, nearly as many (48%) say they should focus on establishing sound scientific facts and stay out of public policy debates.

Americans also aren’t convinced scientists make better policy decisions on science issues than other people – just 43% think this is the case.


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Though the partisan gap in trust remains sizable, Republicans’ overall level of confidence in scientists is up 5 percentage points compared with a year ago – the first uptick in trust among Republicans since the start of the pandemic.

Partisans also differ over scientists’ role in policy debates, with Democrats far more supportive than Republicans of active engagement in making policy on scientific issues.
Trends in trust in scientists

In recent years, the scientific community has engaged with the public’s declining trust directly, and there are multiple organizations working on ways to support trust in science and improve communication with wider audiences.

About three-quarters of Americans say they have either a great deal (26%) or a fair amount (51%) of confidence in scientists to act in the best interests of the public. This share is up slightly since last year. Still, levels of confidence in scientists remain lower than in April 2020 – at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, 87% expressed at least a fair amount of confidence in scientists, including 39% who said they had a great deal of confidence.
Trust in scientists compared with trust in other groups

In an era of low public trust in institutions, scientists continue to be held in higher regard than several other prominent groups we’ve asked about, including journalists, elected officials, business leaders and religious leaders. Confidence ratings for scientists are even slightly higher than those for public school principals and police officers – two groups that receive positive overall ratings.

Go to the Appendix for more detailed views of these groups. The Appendix also includes views of medical scientists, whose ratings are very similar to those for scientists generally.

Monday, December 30, 2024

Scientists Want 'Mirror Life' Microbe Research To Halt. Here's Why








Leading scientists from across the globe have suggested halting the research aimed at creating "mirror life" microbes. The reason? Their concern is that the synthetic organism may pose an "unprecedented risk" to life on the planet.

The international group of 38 people, including Nobel laureates and other experts, has warned that mirror bacteria, constructed through mirror images of molecules found in nature, might become established in the environment and slip past the immune defences of natural organisms, putting the lives of humans, animals and plants at risk of lethal infections, The Guardian reported.

The latest concerns over the technology have been revealed in a 299-page report, along with commentary in the Science journal.

Professor Vaughn Cooper, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pittsburgh, said the threat the group talked about was "unprecedented".

"Mirror bacteria would likely evade many human, animal and plant immune system responses and in each case would cause lethal infections that would spread without check," Cooper said.

Others part of the expert group include Nobel laureates -- Professor Greg Winter at the University of Cambridge and Professor Jack Szostak of the University of Chicago -- as well as Dr Craig Venter, the scientist, who earlier led the private effort to sequence the human genome during the 1990s.Though enthusiastic about the research on mirror molecules, the report highlights substantial risks in mirror microbes and has called for a worldwide debate.

It will take at least 10 years to build a viable mirror microbe. However, a new risk assessment has raised major concerns about the organisms, forcing the group to urge scientists to halt their work, besides asking those funding to make clear they shall no longer support the research.

Professor Vaughn Cooper, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pittsburgh, said the threat the group talked about was "unprecedented".


"Mirror bacteria would likely evade many human, animal and plant immune system responses and in each case would cause lethal infections that would spread without check," Cooper said.

Others part of the expert group include Nobel laureates -- Professor Greg Winter at the University of Cambridge and Professor Jack Szostak of the University of Chicago -- as well as Dr Craig Venter, the scientist, who earlier led the private effort to sequence the human genome during the 1990s.

Usually, molecules for life exist in two distinct forms -- each being the mirror image of the other. All living organism's DNA is made from their "right-handed" nucleotides. The "left-handed" amino acids make proteins, the building blocks of cells.

Researchers have already manufactured large, functional mirror molecules for an in-depth study. Some have even made progress towards building mirror microbes, but constructing a whole organism from the mirror molecules is not a reality yet.

These mirror molecules, once built, can be turned into therapies to treat chronic and hard-to-treat diseases. The mirror microbes could make bioproduction facilities that utilise bugs to churn out chemicals.

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Saturday, December 28, 2024

How to boost diversity in UK STEM careers






Diverse teams are more innovative, solve problems faster and offer perspectives and ideas.

When Carla Aldington was young, life was tough. Growing up in Cornwall, she was one of a handful of people from an ethnic minority in a town of over 20,000. The racism she encountered was relentless. Then she found support from an unlikely source – her chemistry teacher. Aldington recalls thinking: “Wow, I want to be just like her”. With this teacher’s encouragement, Aldington excelled through college and later graduated top of her class with a master’s degree in chemistry.

Many young people from minority backgrounds are not so fortunate. Despite positive change in recent years, the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematicos, or STEM, still have a significant diversity problem. There is an under-representation of women, peple who identify as LGBTQ+, people with disabilities, people belonging to a racial or ethnic minority, or who come from lower socio-economic backgrounds. This has resulted in a STEM ecosystem that fails to reflect the diverse society it aims to serve and fails to benefit from the increasingly clear advantages that diversity brings.

Change is afoot, however. Mentoring schemes, collaborations and an increasing awareness among stakeholders across different sectors, including industry, government and NGOs, about the benefits of an inclusive workforce, are all having a positive effect. GSK, the global biopharma company, has invested £6 million over ten years into UK STEM-focused initiatives that aim to boost STEM career progression for young people from under-represented groups, including through high-quality mentoring that is delivered in collaboration with grassroots partner organisations. “We know how much diversity, equity and inclusion matters for our own organisation — from fuelling our ability to discover and develop ground-breaking medicines and vaccines to understanding the needs of diverse patients – so we wanted to do more working with partners to support the broader ecosystem of diverse innovators of the future,” says Sally Jackson, senior vice president, Global Communications and Government Affairs and CEO Office at GSK.

Understanding that collaboration is key to making a difference, GSK recently brought together STEM experts to discuss the barriers that persist for under-represented groups entering STEM careers, what solutions are working best, and what steps are needed for a more inclusive future for STEM.
Role Models

The major challenge for minority groups is a lack of role models, says Ollie Folayan, co-founder of the Association for Black and Minority Ethnic Engineers. Many people don’t come from families of scientists, and they don’t see figures who look like them in the curriculum, either. Anne-Marie Imafidon, chief executive of Stemettes, a social enterprise that connects women and non-binary people with STEM, says the STEM curriculum is currently failing to tell the whole story and needs to include many more people from under-represented groups who have successfully contributed to scientific understanding and progress.

A second barrier is exposure. People in deprived areas have fewer opportunities to study triple science at GCSE, for instance, which is often a precursor for further study in STEM. They also have less exposure to science activities in schools and clubs. Séverine Trouillet, chief executive of STEM Learning, argues that more student-facing activities and opportunities for work experience are needed to expose children to STEM and nurture their interest.

Challenges also exist at later career stages, says Stephen Hendry at the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). For instance, research funding applications for women reduce with each career stage, from 71 per cent for pre-doctoral programmes to 37 per cent at senior investigator level. “We’ve got a leaky pipeline,” says Hendry.

Some of that attrition may be due to another barrier: bullying and victimisation. Part of the lack of diversity in STEM has been attributed to hostile working environments. For instance, a report from the RSC, Institute of Physics and Royal Astronomical Society showed that some people who identify as LGBTQ+ do not find sciences like physics and chemistry to be comfortable working environments, and have thoughts about leaving.

Collective action is needed to address these challenges. That might involve STEM organisations linking up with industry to create mentorships that provide valuable guidance at critical career transitions, or businesses going into schools and providing work experience to give young people a foot in the door and then supporting people throughout their careers. Organisations need to come together to provide role models, share data to gain a better understanding of which groups are being missed and pursue policies that promote more systemic change. “When collaboration happens, it can be a really powerful thing,” says Jackson.


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Prof. Dr. Ayed Alluqmani | Environmental and Sustainable Materials | Young Scientist Award

  Congratulations to Prof. Dr. Ayed Alluqmani on receiving the Young Scientist Award for his valuable contributions to Environmental and Sus...