Methane is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. It is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Methane emissions are primarily from agriculture, fossil fuels, and waste management. Understanding these emissions is essential for effective climate action.
Sources of Methane Emissions
Methane is produced from both natural and human activities. Natural sources include wetlands, termites, and wildfires. Human activities contribute about 60% of global methane emissions. Agriculture is the largest contributor, accounting for 40%. This includes emissions from livestock and rice cultivation. The fossil fuel sector follows with 35%, while waste management contributes 20%.
Global Initiatives for Mitigation
Efforts to mitigate methane emissions have been ongoing since the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, included methane as one of the six greenhouse gases with binding targets for developed countries. The Paris Agreement in 2015 shifted to a voluntary approach but still emphasised the need for developed countries to lead in emissions reductions.
The Global Methane Pledge
At COP 26, the Global Methane Pledge was launched. This initiative aims to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. The United Nations Environment Programme supports this with initiatives like the International Methane Emission Observatory. This observatory enhances global reporting on methane emissions.
Technological Innovations and Solutions
The Global Methane Initiative promotes collaboration to reduce emissions. It works with various international agencies to raise awareness and mobilise investments. Events like the Methane Mitigation Summit facilitate knowledge-sharing on innovative solutions for reducing emissions, particularly in the energy sector.
India’s Approach to Methane Emissions
India has not signed the Global Methane Pledge due to concerns about its impact on food security and farmers’ incomes. Major sources of methane in India include livestock and rice cultivation. The government promotes practices to reduce methane emissions under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture. These include crop diversification and improved livestock management.
Economic Considerations in Methane Reduction
Reducing methane emissions is crucial for addressing global warming. However, it poses challenges for developing countries like India, where emissions are linked to food security. Climate finance from developed nations is essential for supporting ambitious actions in developing countries. The energy sector offers immediate opportunities for cost-effective methane reduction, making it a priority area for action.
Future Directions and Challenges
The upcoming Methane Mitigation Summit aims to accelerate action in the energy sector. Success in this area could lead to broader efforts across other sectors. Addressing methane emissions requires coordinated international efforts and sector-specific strategies to balance economic and environmental goals
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